Matthias Church is a Roman Catholic church located in Budapest, Hungary, in front of the Fisherman's Bastion at the heart of Buda's Castle District. According to church tradition, it was originally built in Romanesque style in 1015. The current building was constructed in the florid late Gothic style in the second half of the 14th century and was extensively restored in the late 19th century. It was the second largest church of medieval Buda and the seventh largest church of medieval Hungarian Kingdom.
Officially named as the Church of Our Lady, it has been popularly named after King Matthias, who ordered the transformation of its original southern tower. The church was the scene of several coronations, including that of Charles IV in 1916 (the last Habsburg king). It was also the site for King Matthias's two weddings (the first to Catherine of Poděbrady and, after her death, to Beatrice of Naples). During the century and a half of Turkish occupation, the vast majority of its ecclesiastical treasures were shipped to Pressburg (present day Bratislava) and following the capture of Buda in 1541 the church became the city's main mosque. Ornate frescoes that previously adorned the walls of the building were whitewashed and interior furnishings stripped out.
马加什教堂是匈牙利首都布达佩斯的一座教堂,位于布达城堡区的心脏
。根据教会资料,它最初建于1015年。目前的哥特式建筑兴建于14世纪下半叶,19世纪后期大修。它是布达中世纪第二大教堂。
历史:
这座教堂的正式名称是圣母教堂,但是通常以国王马加什一世的名字称为马加什教堂。这座教堂有700年的历史,在许多方面成为布达佩斯(或者匈牙利)丰富,但往往是悲惨的历史的标志。1867年弗兰茨·约瑟夫一世和茜茜公主于布达佩斯分别加冕为匈牙利国王和王后。这座教堂不仅是几个加冕仪式的地点,例如1916年的最后一位哈布斯堡君主卡尔一世,还是马加什一世两次举行婚礼的地点(第一次迎娶Podiebrad的凯瑟琳,她去世后,又迎娶阿拉贡的比阿特丽斯)。
该教堂历史上最黑暗的时期,是匈牙利被土耳其占领期间。绝大多数教会珍品运往普雷斯堡(现在的布拉迪斯拉发),1541年,布达沦陷,这座教堂改为该城的主要清真寺,装饰墙壁的华丽壁画均被清除。
这座教堂也是所谓圣母显灵的地点。1686年,在神圣联盟围困布达期间,教堂的一面墙壁倒塌,隐藏在墙后的一尊圣母像出现在正在祈祷的穆斯林面前,使驻军的士气崩溃,而城市就在同一天陷落。
虽然在1686年赶走土耳其人后,试图恢复这座教堂的巴洛克风格,但是历史证据显示,工作相当不能令人满意。直到19世纪末期的建筑热潮中,这座建筑才恢复了昔日的辉煌。负责这项工作的建筑师是弗里杰舒勒克(Frigyes Schulek)。
教堂不仅恢复到原来的13世纪计划,许多早期原始的哥特式元素也被发现。另外,增加他自己的新图案(如钻石图案瓦和滴水嘴尖顶)。完成后,曾引起很大争议。然而今天,舒勒克的修复对游客成为布达佩斯的市容最突出的特征之一。
堂内设有教会艺术博物馆,开始于中世纪地穴,直到圣斯蒂芬小堂。收藏了大量圣人遗物和中世纪石刻,以及匈牙利王冠。

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